Application of stable isotopes in soil studies has improved quantitative evaluation of evaporation and other hydrological processes in soil. This study was carried out to determine the effect of tillage on evaporative loss of water from the soil. Zero tillage and conventional tillage were compared. Suction tubes were installed for soil water collection at the depths 0.15, 0.50, and 1.0 m by…
In tropical regions, the empirical negative relationship between the isotopic content of precipitation and rainfall amount, known as the 'amount effect', has been used as a rationale for paleo-hydroclimate reconstruction from isotope records. However, there is still no comprehensive physical explanation for this empirical effect. Here, we reconsider the well-known amount effect using newly…
Niche partitioning of resources by plants is believed to be a fundamental aspect of plant coexistence and biogeochemical cycles; however, measurements of the timing and location of resource use are often lacking because of the difficulties of belowground research. To measure niche partitioning of soil water by grasses, planted saplings, and trees in a mesic savanna (Kruger National Park,…
Subtropical humidity plays a critical role in the radiative balance of the planet, and there is a need for adequate description of the controls on water vapor distributions. This study tests whether an advection-condensation model, combined with Rayleigh distillation, can describe observed humidity and water vapor isotope ratios of the subtropical free troposphere. A field campaign, from 9…
The movement of moisture into, out-of, and within forest ecosystems is modulated by feedbacks that stem from processes which couple plants, soil, and the atmosphere. While an understanding of these processes has been gleaned from Eddy Covariance techniques, the reliability of the method suffers at night because of weak turbulence. During the summer of 2011, continuous profiles of the…
We present an analysis of methane (CH4) emissions using atmospheric observations from five sites in California’s Central Valley across different seasons (September 2010 to June 2011). CH4 emissions for spatial regions and source sectors are estimated by comparing measured CH4 mixing ratios with transport model (…
The δ13C values of 23 unevenly spaced guano samples from a 17-cm long clay sediment profile in Gaura cu Musca Cave (GM), in SW Romania, made it possible to preliminarily characterize the Medieval Warm Period summer hydroclimate regime. The beginning of the sequence (AD 990) was rather wet for more than a century, before becoming progressively drier. After a brief, yet distinct wet period…
The location of Costa Rica on the Central American Isthmus creates unique microclimate systems that receive moisture inputs directly from the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. In Costa Rica, stable isotope monitoring was conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Meteorological Association as part of the worldwide effort entitled Global Network of Isotopes in…
The development of new isotopic laser-based analyzers currently represents a clear alternative to conventional isotope ratio mass spectrometers. However, this analytical technique also suffers some disadvantages such as the memory effect, problems related to the overall stability of the equipment and other issues associated with the injection system, essentially regarding the syringe's…
Statistical study of analyses of water from 43 samples from geothermal wells, three groundwater wells, and one sample of local rainwater along with rainwater data from the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation has been used to identify the origin and evolution of geothermal water in the Niutuozhen (牛驼镇) geothermal field and estimate the renewability rate of its geothermal resource.…
Sixteen groundwater samples collected from production wells tapping Lower Cretaceous Nubian Sandstone and fractured basement aquifers in Sinai were analyzed for their stable isotopic compositions, dissolved noble gas concentrations (recharge temperatures), tritium activities, and 14C abundances. Results define two groups of samples: Group I has older ages, lower recharge…
A stratigraphy-based chronology for the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core has been derived by transferring the annual layer counted Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) and its model extension (GICC05modelext) from the NGRIP core to the NEEM core using 787 match points of mainly volcanic origin identified in the electrical conductivity measurement (ECM) and…
The Gunt River catchment in the Central Pamirs is a representative of the headwater catchments of the Aral Sea Basin. It covers 14,000 km2, spanning altitudes between 2000 and 6700 m a.s.l. In a monitoring network, water samples were taken at 30 sampling points every month and analysed for the stable water isotopes (18O and 2H). Our first results…
This paper presents the initial results of a scientific drilling project to recover core and pressurized fluid samples from a natural CO2 reservoir, near the town of Green River, Utah. The drilling targeted a stacked sequence of CO2-charged Jurassic sandstone reservoirs and caprocks, situated adjacent to a CO2-degassing normal fault. This site has actively…
The Picarro G1301 has been designed specifically to focus on the needs of the atmospheric monitoring community and to serve as the backbone for greenhouse gas monitoring networks.
SAM-C 系统将 Picarro 行业领先的腔衰荡光谱（CRDS）分析仪集成至高性能采样系统中。传统采样器通常采用线性管汇设计，限制了气体流速，进而削弱了各台分析仪的独立性能，使系统整体性能退化为“性能最低设备”的水平。这种结构可能导致 AMC 检测响应时间延长，从而产生误报或漏报风险。
SAM 系统的先进设计经过优化，确保整体性能最大化。其专利申请中的非线性多路复用架构支持高气体流速，有效减少通道交叉污染，并能快速、准确报告污染物浓度。
Picarro SAM-C 系统可灵活配置多个采样点，并可集成最多 4 台 SI 系列分析仪，…
SI3401 分析仪可实时监测氨气（NH₃）、氯化氢（HCl）和氟化氢（HF）的浓度。该分析仪专为晶圆厂环境设计，帮助运营人员快速识别并应对可能影响晶圆良率的污染事件。
SI3401 采用 Picarro 高选择性、高灵敏度、高准确度的腔衰荡光谱（CRDS）技术，具备以下特点：
灵敏度高达万亿分之一（ppt）级别
Picarro SI2205 可对氟化氢（HF）进行超高精度的万亿分之一（ppt）级浓度测量，具备可靠、易用、紧凑的设计特点。设备可在数分钟内完成部署并投入运行，无需现场校准与耗材支持，可实现数月无人值守运行。
主要优势
可用于洁净室、FOUP 及晶圆厂设备中的实时 AMC 监测
Picarro SI2108 气体浓度分析仪
Picarro SI2108 可对氯化氢（HCl）进行万亿分之一（ppt）级别的超高精度测量，具备可靠、易用、紧凑的设计。该设备可在数分钟内完成部署投入使用，无需现场校准与耗材支持，可连续运行数月，无需人工干预。
主要优势
Picarro SI2104 可对硫化氢（H₂S）进行十亿分之一（ppb）级别的超高精度测量，具备可靠、易用、紧凑的设计特点。该设备可在数分钟内完成部署并投入使用，无需现场校准或耗材支持，可连续运行数月，无需人工干预。
主要优势
实时监测洁净室、FOUP 及晶圆厂设备中的 AMC
Picarro SI2306 可对氟化氢（HF）和氨气（NH₃）进行万亿分之一（ppt）级别的超高精度测量，具备可靠、易用、紧凑的设计。设备可在数分钟内完成部署并投入运行，无需现场校准或耗材支持，可连续运行数月，无需人工干预。
主要优势
可在洁净室、FOUP 和晶圆厂设备中实现实时 AMC 监测
Picarro SI2103 可对氨气（NH₃）进行万亿分之一（ppt）级别的超高精度测量，具备可靠、易用、紧凑的设计。该设备可在数分钟内部署并投入运行，无需现场校准与耗材支持，可持续运行数月，无需人工干预。
主要优势
实现洁净室、FOUP 及晶圆厂设备中的实时 AMC 监测
SI5450 将高灵敏度激光光谱技术集成于一套结构紧凑、易于操作且高度可靠的系统中。该分析仪采用中红外激光器，可高精度测量二氧化硫（SO₂）浓度，性能稳定。与传统 AMC 测量技术（如离子迁移谱 IMS、离子色谱、质谱和紫外荧光）相比，SI5450 在响应速度、检测精度和运行成本方面均具有显著优势。传统方法普遍存在响应慢、性能不足、运行成本高的问题。
主要优势
实时监测洁净室、FOUP…
Describes how CRDS works and shows hydrogen, oxygen and carbon isotope data for water vapor, evapotranspiration, food and agricultural applications.
快速启动
Picarro 快速启动是由 Picarro 专家通过视频会议执行的一项 4 小时计划。它可以帮助客户进行新系统启动和初始结果验证。对于刚开始使用我们的光腔衰荡光谱 (CRDS) 技术的客户，或是那些考虑采用新方法、使用新样品、或即将开始项目并需要更新知识的客户来说，快速启动是一个极佳的选择。
快速启动的重要性
这项服务旨在帮助您完成系统的初始启动，使用标准样品或其他常规样品来设置和检查预加载方法的数据、日常维护以及其他程序，以便长期发挥系统的最佳性能。这也是讨论如何优化使用外围设备（如 SSIM、16 路气体自动进样器、MCM 或 IM）参数的绝佳机会。此外，您还可以了解更多应用的可能性，并获得我们对各种应用的最先进技术的见解，以更好地协助您的实验方法。…
In recent years, research and applications of the N2O site-specific nitrogen isotope composition have advanced, reflecting awareness of the contribution of N2O to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect, and leading to significant progress in instrument development. Further dissemination of N2O isotopomer…
The analysis of the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of water using cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS)
instruments utilizing infrared absorption spectroscopy have been comprehensively tested. However, potential limitations of infrared
spectroscopy for the…
Rapid Arctic warming is associated with important water cycle changes: sea ice loss, increasing atmospheric humidity, permafrost thaw, and water-induced ecosystem changes. Understanding these complex modern processes is critical to interpreting past hydrologic changes preserved in paleoclimate records and predicting future Arctic changes. Cyclones are a prevalent Arctic feature and…
Anthropogenic modification of the water cycle involves a diversity of processes, many of which have been studied intensively using models and observations. Effective tools for measuring the contribution and fate of combustion-derived water vapor in the atmosphere are lacking, however, and this flux has received relatively little attention. We provide theoretical estimates and a first…
Cavity ring-down spectrometers (CRDS) have the capacity to make isotopic measurements of CO2 where concentrations range from atmospheric (~ 400 ppm) to 6000 ppm. Following field trials, it has come to light that the spectrographic lines used for CO2 have an interference with elevated (higher than ambient) amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which…
We provide sedimentological, geochemical, mineral magnetic, stable carbon isotope, charcoal, and pollen-based evidence from a guano/clay sequence in Gaura cu Muscă Cave (SW Romania), from which we deduced that from ~ 1230 BC to ~ AD 1240 climate oscillated between wet and dry. From ~ 1230 BC to AD 1000 the climate was wetter than the present, prompting flooding of the…
Here we test an experimental approach that produces estimates of the location, timing and extent of water uptake by individual plant species in the field. A tracer injection experiment was used to estimate the proportion of active roots across soil depths. These proportions were multiplied by species-specific estimates of evapotranspiration. This approach was repeated in early- and…
With the recent advent of commercial laser absorption spectrometers, field studies measuring stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in water vapor have proliferated. These pioneering analyses have provided invaluable feedback about best strategies for optimizing instrumental accuracy, yet questions still remain about instrument performance and calibration approaches for multi-…
The performance of eight fast-response methane (CH4) gas analysers suitable for eddy covariance flux measurements were tested at a grassland site near the Cabauw tall tower (Netherlands) during June 2012. The instruments were positioned close to each other in order to minimise the effect of varying turbulent conditions. The moderate CH…
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